6. 22. They are found in the Pacific Ocean, almost 1,000 km west from the coast of Ecuador in South. You can spot them in some areas of Isabela, and in Isla Fernandina, both reachable only by a Galapagos cruise. Updated on June 27, 2023 Photo: DC_Colombia/Getty Images The Galápagos Islands, located roughly 600 miles off the coast of Ecuador, remained a closely guarded natural. Planning a Trip to Galápagos. 5-mile walk to Tortuga Bay—a spectacular white sand beach with a separate cove for swimming. Boat Tours. The Galapagos Islands are a dream destination for nature lovers across the globe. Kicker Rock. The archipelago is actually a result of numerous volcanic eruptions over millions of years (including 13 in the last century). Air and sea temperature difference creates a layer of mist in the Archipelago sky. Spielautomaten sind schon seit Jahren als eine Form der Unterhaltung bekannt. Habitat Hotel of Galapagos. Chat with Us; Start Planning your Tour; Schedule a Meeting; Contact us on WhatsApp; Toll-free +1-877-260-5552; Ecuador +593-2-6009-554; Home; Tours. 4. Enjoy fresh dinners at the open-air fire in the lodge, and sip on a cocktail in the subterranean lava tunnel lounge. First things first: you’ll need to book a flight. By traveling independently, using inter-island boats and basing yourself at. 6. Isla Los Hermanos - This is a small island off Isabela. “We had explored most. Between the creatures, history and natural features—there are numerous reasons the Galapagos Islands are so great. 75 miles (0. Read 77,831 traveler reviews and view photos of different trips from Galapagos. However, tortoise meat is considered a delicacy by wildlife. However, if you don’t dive or do snorkeling, then I would say that the Galapagos are not worth the trip, unless you’re an absolute fanatic about sea-lions, tortoises and iguanas (or volcano landscapes). Non-residents cannot buy a one-way ticket to Galápagos. Santa Cruz Island. Below are some of the most iconic birds you are likely to see in the Galapagos. The three booby species rank among the most popular birds of the Galapagos Islands, and the Blue-Footed Booby was easily our favorite. You can see all the jungle you need to see in Ecuador as well (the lands east of the Andes are part of the Amazon basin as well). In this next video, you’ll see some of the underwater (and other) animals we saw. The largest of the Galapagos Islands, Isabela is one of the most volcanically active places in the world. There are two airports on the Galapagos to fly into: Baltra: Baltra is the airport closest to Puerto Ayora on Santa Cruz Island. Since then, Jan and Dave have been to about two dozen countries. 5. The Galapagos Islands inspired the theory of evolution by means of natural selection; now in the Anthropocene, the Galapagos represent an important natural laboratory to understand ecosystem. Rylee recommends, “a minimum of 5 days / 4 nights in the. Known for their biodiversity and their connection to the theory of evolution, these volcanic islands are World Heritage Sites. $56088. Choosing a Galapagos Islands vacation is to tread in the legendary footsteps of pioneering Charles Darwin, who visited the Galápagos aboard the HMS Beagle nearly 200 years ago, sparking an entirely new way of thinking about life on Earth. Six hundred miles off the coast of Ecuador lie the volcanic islands of the Galápagos, famous for a wealth of unique plants and animals found nowhere else in the world. Not surprisingly, even iguanas have evolved differently here. 12 km) northwest of Wolf Island. Ilha de São Cristóvão; Ilha Isabela - nome em homenagem à rainha Isabel I de Castela, que com o seu marido, Fernando II de Aragão, patrocinou a viagem de Colombo. The production combines the original documentary's live-action footage of the Galapagos islands with new illustrations made in VR with the program Quill by Smoothstep. Saved lists; eLibrary; Account settings; Sign out; Destinations. 2. Whether you’re looking to check out the best dive sites, the incredible wildlife or the extraordinary landscapes, this unique destination is brimming with incredible things to see and do. Thirteen major islands, seven smaller islands and about 125 islets and rocks make up the Galápagos Islands, which lie about 600 miles (1,000 kilometers) off the coast of Ecuador in the Pacific Ocean. The production combines the original documentary's live-action footage of the Galapagos islands with new illustrations made in VR with the program Quill by. The Galápagos penguin ( Spheniscus mendiculus) is a penguin endemic to the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. Many of the animal and plant species are unique because of the islands' isolated location in the Pacific, 1,000. Once you’ve visited the Galapagos, you’ll be spoiled for all other travels. The Galapagos Islands is a trip of a lifetime that actually lives up to and surpasses expectations, and our 37+ years of experience have allowed us to perfect the art of adventure travel to this remote corner of our world. Tortuga Island - Isla Tortuga is unique as the island is in the shape of a crecent. Free cancellation. É habitada, e sua maior. Essential Facts. A surprise among Galapagos’ pristine white sand beaches is a mesmerizing sight you simply can’t miss: Rabida Beach on Rabida Island. Mit der Entwicklung der Technologie und dem Einzug des echten Geldes an den Spielautomaten wurde es immer einfacher, sich zu unterhalten. When backpacking around Ecuador, we suggest budgeting $30-40 a day for food, accommodation, and activities. Europe & British Isles. 02 The word ‘Galapagos’ indicates the given Spanish name to the islands’ giant land tortoises. Here's everything you need to know to plan the trip of a lifetime. Sierra Negra is on the west side of the Galapagos Islands archipelago. The Galápagos Islands. If you have budget, these are must-stays in the Galapagos: Finch Bay Galapagos Hotel (Santa Cruz); Hotel La Isla (Isabela); Hotel Galápagos Casa Playa Mann (San Cristobal); All inhabited Galapagos islands provide first-class tourist lodging. The Galapagos islands form at the bottom of the ocean, where weak spots in the Earth's crust allow magma to erupt upwards, forming columns, plumes and cones. The Galapagos Islands, also known as the “Columbus Archipelago” or “Isla Galápagos” in Spanish, is an island group in the Pacific Ocean administered by Ecuador. 6) Bartolome Island Beach. Aquatic Invasions DOI. You have to tip your guide and crew ( budget $10 – $20 per day for tipping, depending on the price you’re paying for your cruise. Threatened wonder. per adult. Many theories exist regarding the unique nature of the flora and fauna on the Galapagos islands. For comparison an adult Emperor Penguin weighs a full. The turquoise waters on the Galapagos Islands. Adam Laughter says “A minimum for either program is always 4 days just considering the travel time and cost. Park Fees and Other Additional Costs. Galapagos Islands Wildlife. I just heard from a reliable source that a new park entrance fee will soon be officially announced by the Galapagos governing council. ’. San Cristóbal, the easternmost island, lies about six hundred miles west of Ecuador in South America. From then until 1816 many pirates came to the archipelago. The Galapagos Islands are perfect for senior travellers because they offer an immersive nature experience for people with the time and maturity to appreciate wildlife, nature, and outdoor activities. Here's what you need to know before you go. Regis St Louis: While the majority of visitors to the Galápagos travel around the islands on a cruise – which come in at somewhere between $400 and $1000 per person per day – there is indeed a far more economical way to explore different facets of the archipelago. Blue Footed Boobies. 5-Day Small Group Galapagos Multisport: Biking, Hiking, and Snorkeling. All tourists to the islands must also purchase a Transit Control Card for $10. The hotel is your home base, and day trips begin at the hotel or port and take you back in the evening. The Galapagos Islands aren’t a bargain destination. It’s the transition time between the wet and dry seasons, so you can experience the best of both. The Galapagos Archipelago is a UNESCO World Heritage conservation site deemed to be of global ecological importance, but it is also a well-known tourist destination where the conservation-tourism alliance has actively sought strategies to advance conservation and community interests through. If I'm not mistaken, larger ships aren't even permitted by law. There are 4 inhabited Galapagos islands that tourists can stay on. Budget hotels/ hostels- There are a plethora of clean, comfortable, and very nice budget hotels and hostels to choose from on the Galapagos Islands. 26 May 2021. Most of the reptiles in the Galapagos Islands (such as land & marine iguanas and green sea turtles) breed and nest during the rainy season, from December to May. The weather is warm, but not too hot, with temperatures around 22-28°C (72-82°F). The coloration, shape, and. Urbina Bay is located at the base of Alcedo Volcano on the west coast of Isabela Island, between Tagus Cove and Elizabeth Bay. First-class – First Class cruises in Galapagos are on top-class boats with very similar service as luxury cruises. The archipelago known as the Galápagos Islands is part of the country of Ecuador on the South American continent. The Reason Behind the Cost of a Galapagos Trip. The economic drivers include: Tourism A total of 108,600 people visited the Galapagos Islands in 2005, compared with 66,071 in 1999 (figure 1). The islands formed because of the powerful volcanic activity in the region. The Islands. Spectacular 5-star beachfront hotel for an ultra-luxury stay in the Galapagos Islands. The only things left to do is figure which of the 19. January – May is the warm season, during which skies are. Galapagos Islands, island group of the eastern Pacific Ocean, administratively a province of Ecuador. 1 of 11. The Galapagos Islands are located in South America, off the coast of Ecuador. These will generally cost between $5US-$10US per person. The unique marine iguana of the Galapagos. 1 to 2 hours Time to Spend #1 La Ruta de la Tortuga (Santa Cruz Island) First-class $340-$450. According to WWF Colombia, at least 10% of marine plastic waste is made up of fishing equipment, and between 500,000 to 1 million tons of fishing gear enters the ocean every year. The Archipelago is a group of 19 islands, 13 large and 6 small, and dozens of islets and rocks that cover an area of over 17,000 square miles. I don't believe you'll come across any Galapagos cruise ships that carry more than 100 passengers, Celebrity ships included (and one of their ships is a 50 passenger yacht). It is the only penguin found north of the equator. As of February 18, 2023, a declaration of traveler health and insurance is no longer required. Yes, it’s possible to travel between the major islands (Santa Cruz, Isabela, San Cristobal) by ferry for just $25. Book boat cruise, land-based tour or day trips. All visitors to the Galápagos are subject to the $100 national park fee, payable in cash (US funds). Plants of the Galápagos Vegetation Zones. They dive for food in the waters surrounding the Galapagos Islands and reside primarily on the islands of Genovesa, Española, and San Cristobal. Located on Isabela Island, El Muro de las Lágrimas or “Wall of Tears” is an important historical site in the Galapagos. The first known pirate to visit the islands was Richard Hawkins, in 1593. It’s super easy to get from Baltra to Puerto Ayora, and everyone will be headed in the same direction. Thus, many Galapagos cruises are often sold out 6 to 9 months in advance, with holidays booked out more than 12 months in advance. per adult (price varies by group size) 7-Day Galapagos Island Hopping Tour: Tortuga Bay, Tintoreras, Wildlife Watching. 46. (on my to-do list). 2 of 11. View Trip. 1 Rules. Expect to pay somewhere between $5,000 and $12,000 per traveler depending on the ship, itinerary, and length of the voyage. Made famous in 1835, the islands have developed a rich and intriguing history through this relatively short period, almost as captivating as the natural history they are so well known for. The funding enables and encourages new research initiatives in the Galápagos Islands of Ecuador,. In 1971, the Galápagos National Park Service had its first Superintendent, 2 officers and 6. 30. The Galápagos Islands are an archipelago, or group of islands, that have been created by volcanoes. 8. from. But in 2007, threats from increasing tourism, overfishing, and encroaching invasive species put the Galápagos on the List of World Heritage in Danger places. Each island has some unique distinctions and ‘inhabitants. Lindblad also has a 52-passenger all-suite luxury yacht in the market, the National Geographic Islander II, with as many crew members as guests. 23. Ensuring that World Heritage sites sustain their outstanding universal value is an increasingly challenging mission in today’s complex world, where sites are vulnerable to the effects of uncontrolled urban development, unsustainable tourism practices, neglect, natural calamities, pollution, political instability,. . The Galapagos Islands are made up of 13 larger islands and more than 60 smaller islands and islets with 5 islands proving habitable to just over 30,000 people. Click the links below the map to learn more. 5. About 80% of the land birds you will see, 97% of the reptiles and land mammals, and more than 30% of the plants are endemic. Galapagos Penguins grow up to 20 inches (50 cm) in height, weighing in at a mere 5. For a short but action-packed day tour, Bartolome is an excellent option within easy reach from the main town of Puerto Ayora. [4] Most inhabit Fernandina Island and the west coast of Isabela Island. 28. 13. Good to Know: December through May, the wetter, warmer season, brings the best visibility, but as the water around the islands will be rich. Top Galapagos Islands Boat Tours: See reviews and photos of Boat Tours in Galapagos Islands, Ecuador on Tripadvisor. With tourism still very much down, visitors have the opportunity to see the islands as Charles Darwin experienced them 200 years ago. Typically, your cruise or tour company will pay these fees in advance. from $1,323 per adult. Your snorkeling and kayaking adventures sound fantastic. This is an environment famous for being mostly unspoiled by human interaction. Costa Rica, Panama & Colombia. The Galapagos Islands are a bucket-list destination for good reason: Thanks to a lack of natural predators, friendly wildlife such as playful sea lions and gigantic sea tortoises let visitors get up close and personal. 1. Discover the Galapagos Islands! A unique natural treasure in the world, located 1000 km from the coast of Ecuador. The Galápagos Islands are an , or group of islands, that have been created by volcanoes. Explore The Galápagos Islands holidays and discover the best time and places to visit. Galapagos wildlife arrived here in one of three ways: flying, floating or swimming. The islands are quite remote and isolated, lying some 1000 km west of the South American continent, and the archipelago is bisected by the equator. Tip # 1: The cheapest city to fly from is usually Guayaquil. 14. They’re also the largest and most aggressive of the boobies (but with each other, not people!). In addition to the 13 large islands, there are many more small islands and islets, all together about 3,000 square. Population distribution: There are 13 main islands, 7 smaller islands, and 107 islets, out of which in only 5 have people living on them: Baltra, Santa Cruz, San Cristobal, Isabela, and Floreana. Due to their location, the challenges of sustainable tourism there, and the need to support local development, the Galapagos Islands are more expensive than the mainland of Ecuador. Rebecca Adventure Travel. This Classic Galapagos Tour offers a combination of interesting day tours, and time to explore the islands by yourself. On these islands, as mentioned, there are two seasons: a warm season from January to May, with maximum temperatures around 29/30 °C (84/86 °F), and a relatively cool season from July to November, called Garúa, with daytime temperatures around 26/27 °C (79/81 °F). My trips. The fact that the Galapagos Islands are so remote are one of the reasons why they’re more expensive than a lot of South America. Interesting Facts. 397. Plus, most Galapagos cruises are so expensive. Ring In The Holidays At This 17th-Century Mallorcan Manor-Turned-Hotel. 3157. You will be just fine. This is an environment famous for being mostly unspoiled by human interaction. 8-Day Galapagos Island Hopping Superior: Kicker Rock, Los Tuneles, Local Flight. Luxury: JW Marriott Hotel, Illa Experience Hotel, and Casa Gangotena. 9. Discover the Galapagos Islands! A unique natural treasure in the world, located 1000 km from the coast of Ecuador. There are three main ways to travel in the Galapagos Islands on a budget: The budget way, Island hopping, a last-minute Galapagos Cruise (with a trustworthy company), and volunteering. All tourists to the islands must also purchase a Transit Control Card for $10. 0. 50. There are two main airports in. The Galapagos Difference. Much like the people who came to live in the Galápagos, the plants that found a home in the islands had to be hardy types. All visitors to the Galápagos are subject to the $100 national park fee, payable in cash (US funds). This is the only way to guarantee both your safety and the animals’ wellbeing. This represents only 3% of the Islands!Summary. Isabela. Boat Tours. Threats from high levels of poorly regulated tourism (the islands welcome some 100,000 annual visitors), overfishing, and the introduction of invasive species landed the site on the List of World. Best Galapagos cruises; 2. Galapagos Islands is a great travel destination with a lot to do and see, but sometimes you need to get away and explore the surrounding areas. Biodiversity. 2. This Galapagos Islands day trip takes you over to Santa Fé island which is great for snorkelling with sea lions. On the eastern coast of the island is Sullivan Bay, where a large pahoehoe lava flow dates from an eruption in the late 1800s. Some animals like marine iguanas, might have swum there. Meta calls the film series. Day 1 Arrive at the airport of Baltra Island and meet the National Park guides, followed by a transfer to Santa Cruz. Given San Cristobal’s human habitation (around 6,000) and ease of access, the. The isolation of this remarkable archipelago, 600 miles off the coast of Ecuador, has made it a safe haven for. The island is actually a collapsed. Still, others were packed with marine iguanas, Sally Lightfoot crabs and sea lions, all coexisting harmoniously. The Galápagos' second-largest island is positioned at the center of the archipelago and serves as the primary tourism hub for the region. More than 20% of the marine species in Galapagos are found nowhere else. About 31 of the 185 species documented here are endemic to the Galapagos. Hotels near the sights. 99/year The youngest island of all the Galápagos Islands, Fernandina is still active today with its last eruption occurring as recently as 2009. Pair of blue footed boobies, photographed at Los Tuneles on Isabela island. In recent years, however, the trickle of tourists has turned into a flood. Galapagos Dove. Maps, travel tips and more. They are found in the , almost 1,000 km west from the coast of Ecuador in South America. Bus Tours. I'm happy to hear you had an amazing time exploring the Galapagos Islands! Experiencing the contrast between Santa Cruz and Isabela must have been quite an adventure. ”. Guide to the best hotels and things to do in Galapagos Islands. In general, you should expect to pay between $380 and $500 for a round-trip ticket. The waters of the Galapagos were the seasonal home of large numbers of prized sperm whales and the islands provided whalers and sealers with a convenient spot to careen their ships, make repairs. Galapagos National Park. Immerse yourself in the most precious corner of Nature. Embark on a Galapagos cruise aboard the Bonita for a private expedition. There. 2,509. Top Galapagos Beach: Rabida Beach, Rabida Island. 3348 or contact your travel advisor. The Galápagos are one of the few places on Earth where it’s best to eschew intrepid adventure and get around as part of a group tour. . The park tax for children under the age of twelve is $50. Located 600 miles off the coast of Ecuador, the Galapagos archipelago is famous for its rich and abundant ecosystem. 2. View the itinerary for more information. Com uma área de 4 640 km², é a maior ilha do arquipélago. The Evolution. Published Aug 9, 2018. But the magnitude of the eradication campaigns in the Galápagos is staggering: 79,579 goats “removed” from Santiago, 41,683 from Pinta, 7,726 in San Cristóbal—in all, 201,285 goats have. From $8,500 per person. The Galapagos National Park covers 97% of the islands, and this helps fund conservation efforts. Hotel-based is self-explanatory. However, because of Ecuador’s progress in strengthening conservation measures, the. Sailings include two shore excursions per day, each the adventure of a lifetime. . 8. Our most recommended things to do in Galápagos Islands. The most famous tortoise has to have been George, who died in the Galapagos in 2012, after reaching the age of 100 years old. Galapagos’ total population is more than 25,000 people; the majority live in Santa Cruz. Grades 5 - 8 Subjects Biology, Ecology Image Marine Iguana A marine iguana sits next to a crab on a stony lava coast in the Galapagos Islands. Typically a single room. Find Dates & Rates. The flight is about 1. 5 pounds on average (up to 8. $11,977. Where to stayPrincipais ilhas. 3+ days. The many islands in the archipelago straddle the equator between the coordinates 1°40’N-1°36’S and 89°16′-92°01’W (the first number is degrees, the second is minutes). Temperatures rarely dip below 70°F (21°C) or reach higher than 90°F (32°C) so you can travel to the islands at any time throughout the year and experience fantastic weather. O seu ponto mais elevado é vulcão do lobo com uma altitude de 1 707 metros. 5 Option: Lava Tunnels. If your plans are to visit during that time frame, be sure to get your itinerary organized early and don't expect to. The small uninhabited Bartolome Island is considered to have the most beautiful landscape of the entire Galapagos archipelago. Discover the treasures of the northern Galapagos Islands on this cruise, including Isla. By Maise14. The Galapagos Islands are a bucket-list destination for good reason: Thanks to a lack of natural predators, friendly wildlife such as playful sea lions and gigantic sea tortoises let. 19. View Trip. More than 20% of the marine species in Galapagos are found nowhere else. Wonderful cheap place to visit just 0,80 cents and a small hike away from Puerto Ayora taking a water taxi. Fees/permits. The islands were described as "the Galopegos Insulae" (Turtle Island). The Galapagos Islands are close to the Equatorial line and they are generally rather warm. Scientific Name. Genovesa (Tower) and Santiago (James) Islands are both great places to encounter fur seals. 2 of 11. Villa Escalesia is the most exclusive hotel in the Galapagos Islands. On the Galapagos Islands, our average daily spend came to about $50 for food and accommodation (this is with free activities, budget a bit more if you are going to do a tour). It takes approximately 2 hours via airplane to get to/from the Galapagos from Ecuador’s mainland. The Galapagos Islands are a volcanic archipelago located in the Pacific ocean 600 miles (1000 kms) off the coast of Ecuador in the northern trip of South America. You can fly into Baltra or San Cristobal Island from Guayaquil or Quito. Geologic Formations. These services, which are offered by companies like Nature Galápagos. Book the best day trips from Galapagos Islands, Ecuador directly on Tripadvisor and take the stress out of planning. 5 times more than on the mainland as it has to be brought in on container ships which take 2-3 days to reach the archipelago. The Galápagos Islands are a UNESCO world heritage site and, according to Metropolitan Touring, is one of the most highly regulated conservation sites in the world. 800. The islands became. We have selected the 21 best photos from our recent trip to the Galapagos archipelago to inspire your wanderlust. Taking safety measures. It was on these arid islands that the young naturalist formed the basis of the theory of evolution, changing the way we think about the natural world forever. Wildlife wonderment wows visitors to the Galapagos. The government of Ecuador specified part of the Galapagos as a wildlife sanctuary in 1935, then in 1959, the sanctuary changed into the Galapagos. Visitation is limited by the national park, vessels are small and cabins fill up fast. Points of Interest & Landmarks. This Classic Galapagos Tour offers a combination of interesting day tours, and time to explore the islands by yourself. Got to the center late, but our guide, Darwin was able to get us in to see Lonesome George. Now scientists may have at least one more piece of the puzzle. Getting to and from the Galapagos Islands. 18, 2020 5 AM PT. Known for their biodiversity and their connection to the theory of evolution, these volcanic islands are World Heritage Sites. The shapes and patterns of this glazed, ropy, black rock are remarkable. Rabida Beach is a traveler favorite its rusty hues, striking land-sea contrast, and wide variety of wildlife. from $160 per adult. For the Galápagos National Park, which uses a portion of the $100 fee that visitors are required to pay ($6 for Ecuadoreans) to oversee the 97 percent of the islands that hasn’t been settled by. A 2014 scientific study from Stanford University and the University of Hawaii of tourism dollars spent in the Galapagos concluded that nearly 60% of all tourism revenue generated on the islands is. Weather in the Galapagos. It’s in Ecuador – the Galapagos Islands is not its own country. Featuring excellent Ecuadorian and international menu options for seafood lovers and vegetarians, it’s an. To preserve that rarity, most Galápagos tours use a ship as a floating hotel, cruising overnight to new. Whether this is thrilling or terrifying is up to you. When arriving at the airport on San Cristóbal or Baltra, all travelers must pay the Galápagos National Park entrance fee ($100. Alongside the entrance fee, the Galapagos National Park also charges fees to the tour operators and other services and clients. World Heritage sites are places of historical, cultural, scientific, or natural value. 00 per person). 17% of Galapagos fish species are endemic to the Galapagos Islands. Isla Sombrero Chino - One of the most recognizable of the Galapagos Islands, Sombrero Chino name means "Chinese Hat. The Galápagos archipelago encompasses 19 islands and over 40 islets; it’s home to more than 30,000 people. Experience the underwater world while snorkeling or diving. Wildlife wonderment wows visitors to the Galapagos Islands, but the archipelago has so much more to offer. As the Galapagos Islands are located on the equator, the weather does not change significantly throughout the year. Explore Darwin’s islands in one action-filled week aboard our new National Geographic Islander ll. Spielautomaten um Echtgeld sind wie eine Lotterie, die völlig Ihr Leben ändern kann. Browse and search all lodging options in the Islands. 3. During June to December the weather is cooler, while from December to May you. Galapagos Islands temperature ranges from lows in the 60’s Fahrenheit (16 Celsius) to highs in the 90’s Fahrenheit (32 Celsius). Start and end point of your journey is the UNESCO World Heritage Site and capital of Ecuador - Quito. Some islands are home to giant tortoises, while others house blue-footed boobies, Galapagos penguins and flightless cormorants. The latter of the three species was only discovered in 1986, and wasn’t studied until the 2000s. Weather in the Galapagos in May. The Galapagos Islands is a volcanic archipelago that contains thirteen primary islands, six smaller isles, and several rocky islets. depending on duration and room type (standard, superior, or suite).